On the Scarcity of Dense Cores (n > 10<SUP>5</SUP> cm<SUP>‑3</SUP>) in High-latitude Planck Galactic Cold Clumps

Abstract

High-latitude (∣b∣ &gt; 30°) molecular clouds have virial parameters that exceed 1, but whether these clouds can form stars has not been studied systematically. Using JCMT SCUBA-2 archival data, we surveyed 70 fields that target high-latitude Planck Galactic cold clumps (HLPCs) to find dense cores with density of 10<SUP>5</SUP>–10<SUP>6</SUP> cm<SUP>‑3</SUP> and size of &lt;0.1 pc. The sample benefits from both the representativeness of the parent sample and its coverage of the densest clumps at the high column density end (&gt;1 × 10<SUP>21</SUP> cm<SUP>‑2</SUP>). At an average rms of 15 mJy beam<SUP>‑1</SUP>, we detected Galactic dense cores in only one field, G6.04+36.77 (L183) while also identifying 12 extragalactic objects and two young stellar objects. Compared to the low-latitude clumps, dense cores are scarce in HLPCs. With synthetic observations, the densities of cores are constrained to be n <SUB> c </SUB> ≲ 10<SUP>5</SUP> cm<SUP>‑3</SUP> should they exist in HLPCs. Low-latitude clumps, Taurus clumps, and HLPCs form a sequence where a higher virial parameter corresponds to a lower dense-core detection rate. If HLPCs were affected by the Local Bubble, the scarcity should favor turbulence-inhibited rather than supernova-driven star formation. Studies of the formation mechanism of the L183 molecular cloud are warranted.